How do tiny atoms bond together to form bigger substances , and how are these substances important for life ?

The detailed answer to this question is found in the explanation section.

Explanation:

Life is generally made up of matter, which is referred to as anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is composed of elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen etc, which in turn constitutes the smallest indivisible unit of an element called ATOMS.

Atoms are chemically bonded together to make up the elements in molecules and compounds. These compounds and substances are contained in the basic unit of life called CELLS, which play a pivotal part in the sustenance of life. For example, the enzymes and hormones that bring about physiological responses in our body are made up of protein molecules. These protein molecules are similarly composed of chemical elements such as carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen etc, whose building blocks are atoms.

In a nutshell, all LIFE characteristics are made up of matter which possess atomic particles that are chemically bonded together to form substances that hold life together.

transcription is a process in which information is rewritten. it is something our cells must do, in a more specialized and narrowly defined way. in biology, transcription is the process of copying out the dna sequence of a gene in the similar alphabet of rna. it needs to happen in the nucleus because that's where the dna is. dna is always inside the nucleus unless the cell is dividing.

transcription is the first step in gene expression, which involves copying a gene's dna sequence to make an rna molecule. transcription is performed by rna polymerases. it has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. rna molecules must be processed after transcription in eukaryotes.

explanation:

long version:

the protein synthesis consists two processes which are, transcription and translation. transcription takes place in the nucleus. it uses dna as a template to make an rna molecule. rna then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. transcription is the first part of the central dogma of molecular biology: dna → rna. it is the transfer of genetic instructions in dna to messenger rna (mrna). during transcription, a strand of mrna is made that is complementary to a strand of dna.  

these three stages are:

  initiation: in which   is the beginning of transcription.occuring when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

    elongation: in which is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

    termination: in which is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

the answer is:

carbon dioxide