The medulla oblongs ya controls the contraction and relaxation of the blank causing the lungs to inflate and deflate during breathing.

This question includes some errors, the question should be written as:

The medulla oblongata controls the contraction and relaxation of the causing the lungs to inflate and deflate during breathing.

Although there are no options, the answer is generally RESPIRATORY MUSCLES i.e. diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Explanation:

Breathing is an involuntary action required to take place in order to get oxygen into the system and carbon dioxide out of the system. However, the process of breathing is neurally controlled by brain portion called RESPIRATORY CONTROL CENTERS.

The Medulla oblongata located in the hindbrain is one of the two respiratory control centers (the other being the PONS). The medulla sends nerve signals to the muscles responsible for bringing about the ventilation process i.e. the DIAPHRAGM and INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES.

This nerve impulse brings about the contraction of the diaphragm, which is the major respiratory muscle, and intercostal muscle causing the lungs to inflate and allow the entry of oxygen-containing air. On the other hand, it also brings about the relaxation of these muscles causing the lungs to deflate allowing the expelling of air.

carbon atoms, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.