Which statement best describes the cycling of carbon between the atmosphere and geosphere? Precipitation and condensation increasing the groundwater supply Glaciers melting due to an increase in global climate temperatures Volcanic activity releasing carbon into the atmosphere Trees and plants releasing carbon through respiration

Volcanic activity releasing carbon into the atmosphere

Explanation:

In the geosphere, carbon enters when the dead and decaying matter takes the form of fossil fuels. From the biosphere, the carbon enters into the  geosphere through these sources. A carbon reservoir is maintained in the geosphere through these sources. The process of weathering, erosion, and volcanic eruption exposes the carbon content of the geosphere into the atmosphere. Volcanic eruptions upturn the carbon content of the geosphere and expose them.

c. earths continental crust is thicker than its lithosphere.

because, the lithosphere is the outermost layer of the earth/ 100 km thick and is defined by its machanical properties.the lithosphere contains oceanic and continental crust that varies in age and thickness across locations and geologic time. the lithosphere is the coolest layer of the earth in terms of temperature. the term lithosphere should not be confused with the use of "geosphere" which is used to indicate all of earth systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere   and biosphere. the surface of the earth can be divided into the continental crust and the oceanic crust.   the continental crust is made mostly of granite while the oceanic crust is made of basalt. the average thickness of the continental crust is 25 miles and the average thickness of the oceanic crust is 5 miles.   three types of rock, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, make up the surface of the earth. that's why 3 option is preferable.

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.