Short-spined sea urchin fossils were found directly above long-spined sea urchin fossils in a layer of rock. What do the differences between the two sets of sea urchin fossils suggest about them? The longer spines developed as the shorter-spined sea urchins grew older.
The longer-spined sea urchins existed before the shorter-spined sea urchins.
The shorter-spined sea urchins stretched their spines to ward off predators.
The shorter spines did not protect the sea urchins well enough and they died off.

The longer-spined sea urchins existed before the shorter-spined sea urchins

Explanation:

The lower buried is what died off first and the recently buried is the newly evolved version.

this is more of a statement than a question. is there answers to go along with this, or is it opinion based?

the two answers are a, the population of birds with large beaks will increase on the island, and c, the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection. the reason for that is because if the birds that have beaks developed for eating small seeds lose all of their food, they will go hungry and eventually starve because they physically cannot eat the large seeds, therefore making the population of large beaked birds higher. also, if the trait of large beaks are dominant on the island over small beaks, then over time the large beaked birds will reproduce more and more, while the smaller beaked birds will reproduce less and less because they can't survive with the food provided. that leads to the trait of small beaks disappearing and the trait of large beaks taking over the island.