During meiosis, independent assortment determines which chromosomes a gamete inherits, while determines, within a chromosome, which material will come from the maternal and paternal version.

Crossing over or recombination

Explanation:

Crossing over or genetic recombination is a stage in the late prophase of meiosis I where homologs lie close to each other in pairs to exchange chromosomal material creating new combination of genes as each homologs is derived from either the father or the mother.

This exchange determines the material to be inherited by the offspring producing genetic variation which males the offspring typically different from the parents (genetic variation).

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step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.