Deficiency of which material leads to anaemia ?

The phylogenetic tree illustrates the relationship between humans and our closest living relatives. the tree was based on biochemical comparisons, including dna and amino acid sequences. according to the biomolecular data, we could infer that

Which of these substances does not protect against invaders in the nonspecific immune response? a. saliva b. mucus c. tears d. urine

How do ratio scale and diagrammatic scale work