"Achondroplasia is a form of dwarfism that is inherited in humans as an autosomal dominant disorder. A survey in a small country showed that, within a two-year period, there were 12 children with normal parents born with this disorder out of a total of 420,000 births. What is the mutation rate in mutations/locus/generation

The mutation rate in mutations/locus/generation equals 0.000014 or 1.4 x 10⁻⁵

Explanation:

From a total of 420.000 births, only 12 of these children born with this disorder, so:

420.000 total of newborns 100%

12 dwarf newborns X = 0.0028%

But this percentage corresponds to a period of two years. In one year, or one generation, the percentage would be:

2 years 0.0028%

1 year X= (1 x 0.0028)/2 =  0.0014%  

Which means that the mutation rate in mutations/locus/generation equals 0.000014 or 1.4 x 10⁻⁵

/the trachea, commonly known as the windpipe

the transfer for conduction is the heat transfering from the liquid to the spoon

the transfer for convection is the heat rising from the liquid to the air

the transfer for radiation is the heat going through the sides of the cup and to the air

at least that is what i would do