Studied the role of RNA in protein synthesis, specifically in the bacteria E. coli.

The question is incomplete. The correct question is as following:

studied the role of RNA in protein synthesis, specifically in the bacteria E. coli.

Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei

Explanation:

Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei are two biochemist and geneticist who studied the functional importance of RNA in the process of translation (protein synthesis) experimentally in E.Coli.

Nirenberg and Matthaei discovered the first codon out of 64 codons present in RNA and they successfully performed translation (protein synthesis) in E.coli in a test tube. They decoded the first codon UUU (phenylalanine) by using synthetic RNA having only uracil nucleotides in a E.Coli and later they decoded further codons.

So, the correct answer is  Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei.

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