Predation is an interspecific interaction in which one species benefits by eating another. Potential prey organisms have various adaptations that allow them to avoid or escape predators. The following examples demonstrate either mimicry, camouflage, mechanical defense, chemical defense, or schooling. Sort the examples based on the type of predator avoidance they demonstrate. Drag each example to the appropriate bin. a. an octopus assumes the color and texture of the seafloorb. viceroy and monarch butterflies (both unpalatable) look alike c. hornet moth (harmless) resembles paper wasp (venomous) d. sea urchin spines e. skunk scent f. jimsonweed toxins g. flock of snow geese h. rosebush thorns i. snails have shells1. mimicry 2. camouflage 3. mechanical defense 4. chemical defense 5. schooling/flocking

To answer this question, researchers studied populations of the dusky salamander (desmognathus ochrophaeus) living on different mountain ranges in the southern appalachian mountains. the researchers tested the reproductive isolation of pairs of salamander populations by leaving one male and one female together and later checking the females for the presence of sperm. four mating combinations were tested for each pair of populations (a and b)—two within the same population (female a with male a and female b with male b) and two between populations (female a with male b and female b with male a). the proportion of successful matings for each mating combination was measured. for example, when all the matings of a particular combination were successful, the researchers gave it a value of 1; when none of the matings were successful, they gave it a value of 0. then the researchers calculated an index of reproductive isolation that ranged from 0 (no isolation) to 2 (full isolation). the reproductive isolation value for two populations is the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type within populations (aa + bb) minus the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type between populations (ab + ba). the table provides data for the geographic distances and reproductive isolation values for 27 pairs of dusky salamander populations.