Which best explains how gravity contributes to the formation of layers in protoplanets? Gravity attracts materials and causes compaction, which produces heat and leads to the melting, sinking, and rising of materials. Gravity causes materials to undergo radioactive decay, which produces heat and leads to the melting, sinking, and rising of materials. Gravity absorbs heat, which cools materials and causes them to sink and rise. Gravity releases heat into space, which cools materials and causes them to sink and rise.

You will create a molecular clock model for an arthropod gene. follow these guidelines to make your model: . your timeline will span from 90 million years ago to the present. the common ancestor in your model is an arthropod that lived 90 million years ago. the gene that you'll track codes for a protein in the species venom . the dna sequence youll track contains 10 nitrogen bases. you can choose the order of the bases and where the mutations occur. this gene mutates at a rate of approximately 0.76 base pairs every 17.1 million years. to build your model,/ calculate the estimated time period it takes for 1 base pair to mutate. the first time period will only show the common ancestor. at the beginning of the second time period, three lineages will diverge from the common ancestor, each with a different mutation in their gene sequences. the first and third descendant species will survive for the rest of the timeline. the second descendant species was extinct 50 million years ago. calculate how long it will take for one full base pair mutation to occur. explain your reasoning by constructing a mathematical equation