When our inner ears convert sound energy into neural impulses or our retinas convert light into neural impulses: a) no heat is generated, and so it is an exception to the first law of thermodynamics.
b) it is an exception to both laws of thermodynamics, because no usable energy is lost.
c) it is consistent with the second law of thermodynamics, but an exception to the first.
d) the conversion is consistent with both laws of thermodynamics.

d. the conversion is consistent with both laws of thermodynamics.

Explanation:

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explanation:

plate tectonics and volcanic euptions

over time, plate tectonic processes cause continents to move to different positions on the globe.

for example, britain was near to the equator 300 million years ago, and therefore was hotter than it is today. for further details look at our climate through time poster or online map.

the movement of the plates also causes volcanoes and mountains to form and these too can contribute to a change in climate.

mountain ranges formed by plate tectonics. large mountain chains can influence the circulation of air around the globe, and consequently influence the climate.   warm air might be deflected somewhere cooler by the mountains.