Energy from the electrons that pass through the electron transport chain is used to pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid interior space.

to excite electrons as they move through the electron transport chain.

to split water into H+ and an atom of oxygen.

to form ATP and NADPH.

You have a solution that contains phospholipid vesicles in a test tube. these vesicles have phospholipid bilayers, but do not contain any membrane transporters. you add a number of different molecules to the solution, and wait a period of time for them to equilibrate. if you could measure the concentration of each molecule, for which of the following would you expect to measure equal concentrations inside and outside of the vesicles? assume for this question that the overall osmolarity inside and outside the vesicles is the same (that is, there is no appreciable diffusion of water across the membrane). (select two answers) an amino acid with a hydrophobic side-chain a small non-polar molecule a negatively charged ion a small polar molecule a small lipid hormone

Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu proteins are

One function of the poly-a tail on eukaryotic mrna sequences is to the mrna be transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. prokaryotic mrna also has a poly-a tail. choose the best explanation of the prokaryotic poly-a tail. a. prokaryotic poly-a tails are composed of a different molecular structure compared with eukaryotic poly-a tails. b. prokaryotic poly-a tails have the same functions as eukaryotic poly-a tails, because this process is highly conserved throughout different species. c. prokaryotic poly-a tails aren't important, because prokaryotes don't have nuclei. d. prokaryotic poly-a tails have other functions, because prokaryotes don't have nuclei.