Most of the reactions of aerobic cellular respiration occur within the organelle known as the
1.) lysosome
2.) nucleus
3.) mitochondria
4.) vacuole.

With the description of the different cell walls, membranes, and associated proteins set in the students' minds, you now need to introduce them to the idea that the cell wall can also act as a foundation to build things upon. bacterial appendages require a strong foundation that will offer the support needed to move and function in a dynamic world. for example, flagella are long, whiplike protein structures that are used by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for locomotion. in order to function effectively, a flagellum must be firmly anchored to the cell wall. how will you be able to get across the idea that the peptidoglycan cell wall is strong enough to support such a mechanism? with a protein rod that passes through the cell wall and protein rings used to anchor it in the membranes, these basal bodies are the rudimentary biological motors that use atp power to spin the hook and the flagella attached to it. bacterial flagella have a biological motor that spins within the cell wall and is powered by atp. this allows the flagella to spin in a whiplike motion to propel the bacterium.

You decide that the introduction should also discuss the extremophiles that are referred to as the archaea. these single-cell organisms are considered "extremophiles" due to their ability to survive and reproduce in environmental conditions that would be hostile for most living organisms. archaea species have been isolated from highly acidic sulfur springs, ocean floor thermal vents with temperatures that exceed boiling, and subarctic ice well below freezing. while still considered to be prokaryotic, the archaea have numerous differences that place them apart from the bacteria. choose the characteristics that separate the archaea from other prokaryotic cells. select all that apply. view available hint(s) select all that apply. archaea lack true peptidoglycan in their cell walls. the morphology of the cell is rigid and is geometric in shape, similar to a sphere or cylinder. the cytoplasmic membrane lipids of archaea have branched or ringform hydrocarbon chains. all currently identified and characterized archaea have been linked as the causative agent to an animal or human disease.

Which is an advantage of having memory cells when a pathogen is encountered for a second time. a) the memory cells are what proliferate into clones of cells in response to the binding of an antigen. b) memory cells are vital to the primary immune response in that they immediately recognize pathogens even at the first encounter. c) memory cells are essentially effector cells that are short lived and attack antigens even without having a receptor specific to that antigen. d) it ensures that more lymphocytes with a receptor specific to a particular antigen will be present than in a host that had never encountered that pathogen.