1. Describe the biological adaptations that the Siberian Chukchi experienced to survive the cold. (Bergman’s and Allen’s rules) 2. List and briefly explain each of the various cultural adaptations that have enabled the Chukchi to live in such a cold region.

3. Why has the coastal route through south Asia been impossible to trace through archeological evidence?

An enzymatic hydrolysis of fructose-1-p, fructose-1-p(aq) + h2o(l) - fructose (aq) + pi (aq) was allowed to proceed to equilibrium at 25°c. the original concentration of fructose-1-p was 0.2 m, but when the system had reached equilibrium, the concentration of fructose-1-p was only 6.52 x 10^-5 m. calculate the equilibrium constant for this reaction and the free energy of hydrolysis of fructose-1-p.