An environmental problem in which an action in one part of the world has an effect on the environment in another part of the world is called

Global warming

Explanation:

Global warming is defined as the heating of Earth's surface, atmosphere and oceans due to the result of human activity such as burning of fossil fuels that releases methane, carbon dioxide (CO2),  and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

Global warming is the result of action at one part of the world but it affects the other part of the world where human intervention is zero.

Due to global warming, there is extreme changes in climate which is resulting in melting of glaciers, rise in sea levels and loss of biodiversity.

Hence, the correct answer is Global warming.