RrYy
RY
PY
RY
RRYY
RRY
RrYY
RYY
RY
RRYY
RRY
RrYy
Rry
RrYy
ry
RrYY
RrYy
my
२
RrYy
Ry
ту
F, Generation
Mendel concluded that the genes for pea shape and pea color assort independently of each other. Which experimental finding supports this
conclusion?
O A Each of the 4 genotypes shown in the Punnett square is equally likely, generating a phenotype ratio of 3:1.
O B. Each of the 16 outcomes shown in the Punnett square is equally likely, generating a phenotype ratio of 9:3:3:1.
o
C. The dominant forms of the traits (round, yellow peas) are equally likely as the recessive forms (wrinkled, green peas).
D. The hybrid genotype (RrYy) is equally likely as either of the 4 purebred genotypes (RRYY, RRyy, TYY. ryy).

lets get this bread mom

the cells uses some of the atoms of the glucose molecules to atp molecules. the atoms of the glucose molecules will then be converted into energy which will be eventually stored in atp. the energy produced which are stored in atp are coming from the glucose’s chemical bonds.

cells use diffusion to get substances in and out of themselves. that diffusion will occur across the cell membrane or the outer covering of the cell. because we are talking about the surface of the cell, surface area and volume are  important factors here. as a cell increases in size, its surface area and volume increase as well.  we call that the surface area to volume ratio (sa: vol).  but the catch is that  volume increases at a greater rate than surface  area. in other words, as a cell gets bigger, the sa: vol gets smaller. so a really small cell like bacteria is mostly cell membrane (surface) with very little contents (volume). a really big cell like an egg, is mostly insides with a super thin membrane. so what ends up happening is that the cell cannot efficiently diffuse all of the stuff it needs in/out to survive. therefore cell size is limited to about 100mm. so how do we make organisms bigger than 100mm? cells divide! by dividing and becoming multicellular, organisms are able to grow!   check out the diagrams i attached to see the effect of sa: vol. i hope this ! good luck!

bradykinin is a physiologically and pharmacologically active peptide of the kinin group of proteins, consisting of nine amino acids.