Which structure has the least effect on the ability of a virus to infect and replicate in a host cell?
envelope
capsid
DNA
ribosome

ribosome

Explanation:

Viruses are the microorganisms which harmful for human health. They require a host body for replication and their replication in the body of host cell causes infection or disease.

There are several important structures present in virus that support the replication of virus such envelope, capsid and DNA. Envelope is the outer covering of virus that help to restrict the action of host's immune system, capsid have several function in viral replication such as nucleic acid protection form enzymes, provide protein for penetration into host cell and provide sites on its surface to attach host cell and DNA carries the genetic material that is must to carry same viral genes to other generation.

Ribosome has the least effect on the virus replication because some of the viruses lack ribosome and they can use ribosome of host cell to translate viral protein.  

Hence, the correct option is ribosome.

enhanced global partnerships and exploration capabilities may advance international preparedness for protecting the earth from catastrophic events such as some asteroid strikes, advancing collaborative research on space weather and protecting spacecraft by developing new means for space debris removal.

after a the power stroke, adp is released, but the cross-bridge formed is still in place. atp then binds to myosin, moving the myosin to its high-energy state, releasing the myosin head from the actin active site.