New genes created by genetic engineering produce brand new proteins called "novel" proteins. All proteins have the potential to trigger allergic reactions under certain conditions. Novel proteins are not recognized by the human immune system. In most cases, these proteins are tested in petri dishes rather than the plant itself.

What information did you include in your answer?

Novel proteins may be beneficial to human health.

Novel proteins may cause allergic reactions.

Additional reactions may occur once the protein is introduced to the plant, which could have negative effects on human health.

Explain why scientists use the word dominant for certain traits.

You will create a molecular clock model for an arthropod gene. follow these guidelines to make your model: . your timeline will span from 90 million years ago to the present. the common ancestor in your model is an arthropod that lived 90 million years ago. the gene that you'll track codes for a protein in the species venom . the dna sequence youll track contains 10 nitrogen bases. you can choose the order of the bases and where the mutations occur. this gene mutates at a rate of approximately 0.76 base pairs every 17.1 million years. to build your model,/ calculate the estimated time period it takes for 1 base pair to mutate. the first time period will only show the common ancestor. at the beginning of the second time period, three lineages will diverge from the common ancestor, each with a different mutation in their gene sequences. the first and third descendant species will survive for the rest of the timeline. the second descendant species was extinct 50 million years ago. calculate how long it will take for one full base pair mutation to occur. explain your reasoning by constructing a mathematical equation

Which characteristics must an object possess in order to be considered alive?