Describe the effect of amanitin on the maximum elongation rate for the wild-type and modified RNA polymerases

The effect of amanitin on the maximum elongation rate for the wild-type and modified RNA polymerases is that it binds to the RNA polymerases, and reduces the process of translocation which is essential for RNA synthesis that is required for RNA polymerases elongation.

Explanation:

Amanitin is a peptide that is cyclic in nature. It is repelled by water thereby making it an hydrophobic peptide.

Amanitin is a toxic peptide that is found in Amanita ( a type of mushroom).

Alpha Amanitin in particular is the one that affects the elongation rate of RNA Polymerases in the body.

When Alpha Amanitin gets into the body system, it travels straight to the liver and due to its very strong affinity for RNA polymerases, it immediately attaches itself to them.

After the attachment, Alpha Amanitin, is disturbs the bridge helix found in RNA polymerase, preventing the hindering and slowing down the proces of translocation from happening.

Once translocation is hindered, RNA is no longer synthesized. Hence, the elongation of RNA polymerases is hindered and this results in severe illness in the body such as liver failure, cytolysis of the liver

a neutral ph of 7 and normal organism temperature is needed for a certain enzyme to be effective.  

what would happen to the enzyme if the ph and/or temperature fluctuate greatly from the norm?  

a.the enzyme’s hydrogen bonds will break.  

b.the activation energy will increase.  

c.more product will be formed.

d.the ideal temperature and ph for the enzyme function will decrease.