The evolution of a new species from an existing species is called

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.

glacial erosion, the picking up and movement of earth beneath a glacier, is also referred to as plucking. erosion and transportation of individual pieces of bedrock, especially large "joint block occur as a result of this glacial erosion. plucking is type of erosion in which rocks become frozen into the bottom and sides of the glacier.as the glacier moves downhill it 'plucks' the rocks frozen into the glacier from the ground.