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What are mutations?

repairs of damage to DNA molecules by specialized enzymes

removal of damaged DNA nucleotides by enzyme molecules

reduction in the rate of replication of DNA due to regulatory mechanisms

changes in nucleotides of a DNA molecule that affect the genetic message

Mutations are alterations to a DNA sequence. If one thinks of the information in DNA as a series of sentences, mutations are errors in spelling the words that make up those sentences. Sometimes mutations are inconsequential, like a misspelled word whose meaning is still quite clear. At other times mutations have stronger ramifications, like a sentence whose meaning is completely changed.

Explanation:

The answer is option 4.

Explanation:

Mutation is the changes in nucleotides of a DNA molecule that affect the genetic message.

For example, in a ordinary DNA, base sequence will be, A pairing with T and C pairing with G.

But in the DNA of mutation, base sequence would be mess up like A pairing with C or G and T pairing with G or C which causing them to be mutant.

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