Put the following steps of old-field succession in the correct order:

Primary

Explanation: Pioneer species (bare rock,lichens, small annual plants, grasses), intermediate species(grasses shrubs and shade intolerent trees such as pines), climax community (Oak and hickorey)

only about ten percent of the energy at one trophic level is passed on to organisms at the next trophic level. the remainder of the energy is used in life processes or lost as heat.