During a fight-or-flight response, epinephrine is released into the body’s circulatory system and transported throughout the body. Some cells exhibit a response to the epinephrine while other cells do not. Which of the following justifies the claim that differences in components of cell signaling pathways explain the different responses to epinephrine? a) Cell signaling depends on the ability to detect a signal molecule. b) Not all cells have receptors for epinephrine. c) Only cells with such receptors are capable of responding. d) Cell signaling depends on the transduction of a received signal by the nervous system. e) Not all cells are close enough to a synapse to receive the signal and respond. f) Cell signaling depends on the signal being able to diffuse through the cell membrane. f) Epinephrine is incapable of diffusing through some plasma membranes because of the membrane’s phospholipid composition. g) Cell signaling requires reception, transduction, and response. h) All cells can receive epinephrine, all cells respond with a pathway, but only select cells have the proper coding in their DNA to respond.

the elements of art are the visual tools that the artist uses to create a composition. these are line, shape, color, value, form, texture, and space.

the principles of art and design are balance, contrast, emphasis, movement, pattern, rhythm, and unity/variety.

hypoxemia refers to a below usual concentration of oxygen in the blood, mainly in the arteries. hypoxemia is an indication of an issue associated with circulation or breathing and may lead to various symptoms like shortness of breath.  

the condition is identified by determining the level of oxygen in the blood sample obtained from an artery. it can also be predicted by determining the oxygen saturation of the blood with the application of a pulse oximeter.  

the normal arterial oxygen is about 75 to 100 mm hg. the values underneath 60 mm hg is generally considered with the requirement for supplemental oxygen. the normal pulse oximeter readings generally range between 95 to 100 percent. the values under 90 percent are regarded as low.  

in the given case, the oxygen saturation is measured at 93 percent, hence, there is no need to administer oxygen, that is, one should withhold oxygen.