Shared derived traits:.a) are shared by all organisms on the cladogram. b) are shared only by common ancestors. c) are homologies found only in certain members of the ingroup. d) are homologies found between the ingroup and the outgroup. e) are found within members of the outgroup.

Option A

Explanation:

When two lineages share common characteristics, they tend to possess a shared character.  

Within these two lineages, several organisms arise leading up to a clade. Each clade has character devised through the evolution of derived character in each lineage leading thereby differing all the clades from each other  

Shared derived characters are used to group organisms into clades. Organisms that share derived characters are reffered as cladistics or phylogenetic systematics

Hence, option A is correct

1: most common garden plants prefer loam — soils with a balance of different-sized mineral particles (approximately 40% sand, 40% silt, and 20% clay) with ample organic matter and pore space. however, some plants grow better in sandy soils, while others are well-adapted to clay soils.

2: available water capacity is the maximum amount of plant available water a soil can provide. it is an indicator of a soil's ability to retain water and make it sufficiently available for plant use. available water capacity is the water held in soil between its field capacity and permanent wilting point.

3: it is the same for all living things (plants and animals). it also includes very tiny organisms that our eyes cannot see. they are known as microorganisms, and include viruses, bacteria and fungi.