3. Suppose that, in some anti-parallel universe, ability to fly (A/a) is 100% genetically determined and co-dominantly inherited. Flightal (A) is dominant, Groundling (a) is recessive and heterozygotes are Hoverants. A flight screening finds that 16% of residents in the anti-parallel universe are groundlings. A. What are the allele frequencies in the population for A and a? (1 point)

The allelic frequencies in the population for "A" is 0.6 and for "a" is 0.4

Explanation:

According to Hardy-Weinberg, the allelic frequencies in a locus are represented as p and q, referring to the alleles. The genotypic frequencies after one generation are p² (Homozygous for allele p), 2pq (Heterozygous), q²(Homozygous for the allele q). Populations in H-W equilibrium will get the same allelic frequencies generation after generation. The sum of these allelic frequencies equals 1, this is p + q = 1.

In the exposed example,

What are the allele frequencies in the population for A and a?

If 16% of residents are groundlings, this means that the genotypic frequency for the trait, aa, is 0.16.

If 0.16 is the genotypic frequency for groundlings, which is aa= q²= 0.16, then we can calculate the allelic frequency by clearing the equation:

if q²= 0.16, then q = √0.16 = 0.4

So now we know that he allelic frequency for a or q is 0.4  

This means that the allelic frequency for A or p is 0.6, which we deduce by clearing the equation p + q = 1

                          p + 0.4 = 1

                         p = 1 - 0.4

                         p = 0.6

The allelic frequencies in the population for A is 0.6 and for a is 0.4

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