As the electrons pass through the electron transport chain between Photosystem I and II, they use their energy to pump into the creating an electrochemical gradient, and making that space very (acidic/basic).

protons /H+

thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast

acid.

Explanation:

This is chemiosmosis. And the ultimate aim is to synthesis ATPs. Proton Motive Force generated from the electron transport chain continuously pump protons(H+) from the stroma into the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast,

The build up of  protons/H+ generated electrochemical gradients between this  space and the stroma.

Therefore proton/H+ diffused down the gradient into the stroma. The energy generated from the downwards diffusion is used by the ATPase synthase to synthesize ATPs from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), to be used in Calvin Cycle for CHO, productions.

The protons/H+ pumped by PMF and  concentrated in the thylakoid memebrane is obtained from the  split of Hydrogen atoms  to electrons(e-) and H+. since pH is negative Log of [H+], therefore the space will be acidic from large concentration of H+/protons.

sand 60

clay 10

silt 30

sandy loam should be dominated by the sand. as the amount of sand increased, the amount of slit needed to anchor the plants' roots to the sand will also be increased. even though the amount is very little, 10% part of clay is still necessary for proper oxidation.

false because ozone (o3) depletion does not cause global warming, but both of these environmental problems have a common cause: human activities that release pollutants into the atmosphere altering it.

global warming is caused primarily by putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when coal, oil, and natural gas are burned to generate electricity or to run our cars.

explanation: