What is the result of a substitution mutation?

What happens when a magniseum ion ia atracked to a chlrene ion

You arrive late to a biological seminar. however, just as you enter the room, you hear the speaker referring to the "five-prime end" and the "three-prime end" of a macromolecule. immediately, you know that they are talking about a: ]

During endocytosis, cells expel what they don't need take in what they need shrink due to loss of water