3. Do the advantages of GMOs outweigh the disadvantages?
4. Do you think stem cell research and gene therapy are beneficial?
5. How much money should be invested in biotechnology by the United States?
6. Where do you think that that funding should come from?

the sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including dna and rna. this backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule.

enzyme active site and substrate specificity

enzymes bind with chemical reactants called substrates. there may be one or more substrates for each type of enzyme, depending on the particular chemical reaction. in some reactions, a single-reactant substrate is broken down into multiple products

the sun's light combined with the visible wavelenghts form what is called ultraviolet radiation, which are the long waves at the end of a visible light sprectrum.

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