Example food chain from this food web:
• Phytoplankton get their energy from the
• They are eaten by zooplankton, which are eaten by
• The fish are eaten by the
• The penguins are eaten by the
• The orcas are harvested by

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How does land development destroy ecosystems? it increases human carrying capacity too rapidly. it converts them into residential or agricultural areas. it forces humans to import non-native plants and animals. it expands the natural range of native wildlife species.

African penguins, which inhabit the coasts of southern africa, were classified as an endangered species in 2010. two significant threats to their survival are ecosystem damage from oil spills and overfishing by humans. overfishing depletes the food supply of african penguins. the best method to reduce the threat of overfishing would be to . the risk of oil spills could be reduced by increasing the use of , which should oil consumption. if an oil spill does occur, could be used to remove the oil so the ecosystem may more quickly recover.

Natural selection changes allele frequencies because some survive and reproduce more successfully than others.