Approximately 10% of the energy absorbed by one trophic level is transferred to the next successive level. The same number of calories are available at the primary producer level of each of these food chains. Food Chain 1: phytoplankton --> zooplankton --> smelt --> trout --> humans Food Chain 2: phytoplankton --> smelt --> humans How much energy is available to humans in Food Chain 2 as compared to the energy available to humans in Food Chain 1 ? a. 10 times less energy c. 10 times more energy b. 100 times less energy d. 100 times more energy 11.

Name one similarity and one difference between the morphology of a brachiopod and a bivalve

Darrel conducted an experiment with the following procedure: fill two cups with ice water. place an uninflated balloon snuggly onto your left index finger. blow a little air into an identical balloon, and place it onto your right index finger. place both fingers into the cups of ice water. darrel noticed that his right finger felt warmer in the ice water than did his left finger. which of the following does the experiment show? a. air is a good radiator of heat. b. air is a good insulator of heat. c. air is a good conductor of heat. d. air is a good convector of heat.

Experiments in environmental toxicology can sometimes be manipulative experiments in which the researcher actively chooses and manipulates the independent variable. in hunt's study, for example, dosages of bpa were manipulated and the effects were measured. in manipulative studies, the researcher controls all the other variables in the experiment, so any health effects observed in the test subjects can be attributed to differences in the independent variable. in other cases, researchers use natural experiments in which the dependent variable (typically a measure of organism health) is measured under differing contexts that are not manipulated. say, for example, that an accidental chemical spill contaminates five ponds. to determine the possible effects of the toxic chemical on frogs, a researcher could compare the hatching rate of frog eggs laid in those five ponds to the hatching rate of eggs laid in five uncontaminated ponds nearby. this would be an example of a natural experiment because concentrations of the toxic chemical in the ponds were not controlled by the experimenter, but rather resulted from the chemical spill. drag type of experiment on the left to the example of experiment on the right. blood concentrations of bpa in college students are compared to their recent manipulative consumption of canned food items 2. the feeding behavior of fish in streams that receive acidic runoff from strip mines is compared to the feeding behavior of fish in unaffected streams. the deformity rate in baby birds from nests in pesticide-sprayed fields is compared to the deformity rate in birds from nests in unsprayed fields 4 tumor development is compared in mice exposed to five dosages of a known carcinogen in the laboratory foraging activity levels are compared in tadpoles exposed to four concentrations of toxic metals in the laboratory. growth of corn plants is compared in field plots sprayed with three different dosage: s of weed killer 7 bpa concentrations in the urine of people with diabetes are compared to bpa concentrations in the urine of people without diabetes - natural; manipulative