When thinking about genotypes and phenotypes, what is the cause and what is the effect?

An organism's genotype is the set of genes that it carries. However, since an organism's genotype generally affects its phenotype, the phenotypes that make up the population are also likely to change.

Explanation:

For example, differences in the genotypes can produce different phenotypes.

A particular genotype does not necessarily guarantee a particular phenotype. Understanding what factors can change this expression is quite complex.. What is what i believe that above statement meant.

Explanation:

Error is the stochastic variation associated with a particular observation of the phenotype (and is managed by use of replication and and appropriate experimental design). The phenotype is the result not only of the average effect of the different alleles at a given locus across test units and across environments, but is impacted by the interaction between the different alleles and the environments (including genetic backgrounds) in which they are evaluated. Phenotype is not simply the sum of the genotype effect and the environment effect, as indicated in the mathematical formula that you provide.

Hope I Helped!!!

the solute can move "downhill," from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. this process is called passive transport or facilitated diffusion, and does not require energy.