Which of the following is NOT recognized as an environmental carcinogen that may contribute to DNA mutations that can cause cancer?

a. Overexposure to radiation from X-rays

b. Chemicals in cigarettes

c. All of these are potential carcinogens

d. Overexposure to UV Radiation from the sun

With the description of the different cell walls, membranes, and associated proteins set in the students' minds, you now need to introduce them to the idea that the cell wall can also act as a foundation to build things upon. bacterial appendages require a strong foundation that will offer the support needed to move and function in a dynamic world. for example, flagella are long, whiplike protein structures that are used by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for locomotion. in order to function effectively, a flagellum must be firmly anchored to the cell wall. how will you be able to get across the idea that the peptidoglycan cell wall is strong enough to support such a mechanism? with a protein rod that passes through the cell wall and protein rings used to anchor it in the membranes, these basal bodies are the rudimentary biological motors that use atp power to spin the hook and the flagella attached to it. bacterial flagella have a biological motor that spins within the cell wall and is powered by atp. this allows the flagella to spin in a whiplike motion to propel the bacterium.

Drag each description to the correct location on the image. not all descriptions will be used. describe the parts of a comet. the frozen part of the comet the atmosphere of gases and dust formed when the nucleus vaporizes tail made of small, solid dust particles tail made of ions that appears to point away from the comet's orbit

How energy flows through each level in this energy pyramid. is all the matter and energy from one level transferred to the next level?