Round seeds (R) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (r), and yellow seeds (Y) are dominant to green seeds (y). A plant of unknown genotype is testcrossed to a true-breeding plant with wrinkled and green seeds. The offspring produced were 53 round and yellow, 49 round and green, 44 wrinkled and yellow, and 51 wrinkled and green. What is the likely genotype of the parent in question?

Explanation:

1. As given; Round seeds (R)  are dominant on wrinkled seeds (r),

Yellow seeds (Y) are dominant on green seeds (g).

In a testcross, between an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive with wrinkled and green seeds (rryy).

offspring are:  

Round and yellow are  53; genotype (R_Y_)

round and green are  49;  genotype (R_yy)  

wrinkle and yellow are 44;  genotype (rrY_)

wrinkled and green are  51 ; genotype  (rryy)

Here, the genotype of parents of these offspring would be RrYy and rryy.

answer; both surfaces of the membrane are nonpermeable