How do the two species that make up a lichen benefit from their symbiotic association? (Select all that apply.)

The algae receive carbon as a result of the fungi's ability to degrade lignin and cellulose, while the fungi receive nitrogen from the algae.
The fungi receive carbohydrates from the algae, while the algae receive nitrogen from the fungi.
Both partners are able to grow on substrates on which each would not be able to grow on their own.
The fungi receive carbohydrates and, in some cases nitrogen, from the algae, while the algae gain a "home" that anchors them on the substrate.

the correct answers are C and D: "Both partners are able to grow on substrates on which each would not be able to grow on their own", and "The fungi receive carbohydrates and, in some cases nitrogen, from the algae, while the algae gain a "home" that anchors them on the substrate".

Explanation:

Lichens are the result of a symbiotic association between algae and a fungus. These two organisms must cooperate to survive in places under certain inhospitable conditions, where otherwise, they would not be able to survive by themselves. Algaes are the photosynthetic organisms that provide carbohydrates to fungus. These last ones, get the carbon and energy they need to grow, and in exchange, they protect the algae from dehydration and radiation, and they might also provide minerals for their survival. Algae can also get a way to get attached to the substrate. When instead of regular algae, there is a prokaryotic cyanobacterium, these can also supply with fix nitrogen to fungus, in the form of nitrogenous compounds.            

hydroxyl -oh

alcohols, always polar, can form hydrogen bonds with h2o molecules

carboxyl -cooh  

cargoxylic acids, has acidic properties which is a source of hydrogen ions, found in cells in ionized for with a charge of oh-1

carbonyl > co

ketone if within skeleton, aldehyde if group is at the end of skeleton, k & a may be structural isomers, it determines 2 sugars (ketose & aldose)

amino -nh2

amines, acts as a base, it can pick up h+ ions from surrounding solution, ionized with charge of 1+

methyl ch2

addition to rna/dna affects and gene expression

phosphate -opo3 ²⁻

organic phosphates, contributes to negative charge to, molecule that it is a part of, and potential to react with h20

sulfhydryl -sh

thiols, cross-linking stabilize the protein, and it is structure

answer: after carbon dioxide enters the leaf through stomata it moves into the mesophyll cells where photosynthesis occurs and glucose is constructed. respiration occurs when glucose (sugar produced during photosynthesis) combines with oxygen to produce useable cellular energy.

explanation: