Can you determine which instances reflect a valid experiment or conclusion? Check only those that are valid.

A biology class is conducting an experiment to determine how soil pH affects the germination of pine seedlings. 30 pine seeds are placed in pots of soil with varying pH levels: 4.5, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.5, and 9.0. Pot size, water, and light exposure were constant for all pots.

A marine biologist is examining the effects of oil pollution on a population of seagulls (Larus canus). He is particularly interested in determining whether oil pollution reduces the number of eggs that may be hatched in each seagull nest. During one breeding season, he has counted the number of eggs present in 16 seagull nests and recorded the distance from each nest to a nearby oil refinery.

After months of grueling research drinking many, many colas, Karl has come to the conclusion that Brand A cola tastes better than Brand B cola.

Jeanette was conducting an experiment to determine if plants grow better when exposed to rap music. She bought two identical plants and exposed one to rap music for two weeks while the other grew without music. From the data, Jeanette determined that plants do not grow better with rap music.

Robert is instructed in a lab experiment to first record the ambient temperature of the room. To do this, he holds the thermometer under a bright light to accurately read it. He then reads and records the data as 33°C.

Only options A (first one) reflects the instances with valid experiment or conclusion.

Quality of any experiment depends upon two things reliability and validity. Reliability is measure of regeneration of results every time an experiment is performed under specific conditions.

Validity is measure of accuracy of results of an experiment. It can be check by two ways: internal validity (checks the design of the experiment) and external validity (checks if the conclusion is the real explanation of the phenomenon).

Now, in marine biologist experiment, he concluded the results only after one breeding season. This makes his results unreliable as it might have happened by chance.

Similarly, in cola experiment the taste was only checked by one candidate i.e. Karl. He might have problem in his taste buds. In addition, the temperature of cola can also affects its taste which is not taken care of in the experiment. Hence, it is not the valid experiment.

Similarly. Jeanette could use more plants for her experiment and Robert just followed only one instruction. He didn't perform any experiment.

a axis of a graph is a color or shade so we can all go outside and have a party so we can eat   some grilled cheese sammiches and broccoli and have some ugly fun times

i don't know why i put this, i know its not the i was just bored : p

delete this answer while you can

transcription is a process in which information is rewritten. it is something our cells must do, in a more specialized and narrowly defined way. in biology, transcription is the process of copying out the dna sequence of a gene in the similar alphabet of rna. it needs to happen in the nucleus because that's where the dna is. dna is always inside the nucleus unless the cell is dividing.

transcription is the first step in gene expression, which involves copying a gene's dna sequence to make an rna molecule. transcription is performed by rna polymerases. it has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. rna molecules must be processed after transcription in eukaryotes.

explanation:

long version:

the protein synthesis consists two processes which are, transcription and translation. transcription takes place in the nucleus. it uses dna as a template to make an rna molecule. rna then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. transcription is the first part of the central dogma of molecular biology: dna → rna. it is the transfer of genetic instructions in dna to messenger rna (mrna). during transcription, a strand of mrna is made that is complementary to a strand of dna.  

these three stages are:

  initiation: in which   is the beginning of transcription.occuring when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

    elongation: in which is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

    termination: in which is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.