What is the effect of differential reproduction over time?How is the sickle-cell allele maintained through natural selection?

Differential reproduction leads to a change in allele frequencies over time. This occurs because of natural selection favoring "successful" individuals that produce more viable offspring.

The sickle-cell allele is maintained in populations exposed to malaria through balancing selection, since heterozygous individuals have protection against the disease.

one is through turgidity. this occurs before ground tissue ( collenchyma

and sclerenchyma cells) become well

developed to give structural support to the plant as it grows bigger. the xylem

tissue (composed of rigid tissue) of the young

plant render this support and also maintaining osmotic turgidity of the surrounding

plant cells.