There are three main mechanisms that involve DNA transfer from one prokaryote to another, increasing the genetic diversity of the population. Describe these three mechanisms of DNA transfer and explain how the transfer of DNA can affect antibiotic resistance.

There are three mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer typically used by bacteria: transformation, transduction, and conjugation. Transformation allows for competent cells to take up naked DNA, released from other cells on their death, into their cytoplasm, where it may recombine with the host genome.

Explanation:

the circled areas are referred to   as sunspots.   the sunspots are cooler than the   surrounding area.

sunspots are temporary phenomena on the photosphere of the sun that appear visibly as dark spots compared to surrounding regions. they correspond to concentrations of magnetic field flux that inhibit convection and result in reduced surface temperature compared to the surrounding photosphere.