Green fluorescent protein (GFP) can be used to fluorescently label a specific protein in cells by genetically engineering cells to synthesize the target protein fused to GFP. What is the advantage of using GFP fusions to visualize specific proteins, instead of staining cells with fluorescently labeled probes that bind to the target protein?

Explanation:

Green fluorescent protein helps in labeling of proteins and tracking them in the living cells. They are also used for observing dynamic changes in a cell. Through green fluorescent protein fusion, the location of a particular protein can be traced in a particular cell. Staining with fluorescent labeled probes usually needs preserved cells. So, GFP fusions is a better method of visualizing the proteins compared to fluorescent labeling them.

enzyme active site and substrate specificity

enzymes bind with chemical reactants called substrates. there may be one or more substrates for each type of enzyme, depending on the particular chemical reaction. in some reactions, a single-reactant substrate is broken down into multiple products