A imunidade contra um microrganismo pode ser induzida pela resposta do hospedeiro a ele ou pela transferência de anticorpos ou de linfócitos específicos para o microrganismo. Uma pessoa também pode se tornar imune pela transferência de plasma ou linfócitos de um indivíduo imunizado, um processo conhecido como transferência adotiva em situações experimentais. O texto refere-se aos tipos de imunidades ativa e passiva, identifique cada processo descrevendo ou explicando sua atuação imunológica, suas vantagens e desvantagens.

1) gene flow

- it is described as the transfer of genes from one population to another population so that frequency of gene is increased.

-a zebra migrates to join a different herd of zebras.

2) natural selection

- a mechanism of evolutionary change in which individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce whereas the others ( those that can not adapt) eliminate from the population.

-competition for sunlight leads to taller trees.

3) mutation

- permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of dna ( genetic material) that could have harmful or useful consequences.

-the dna of a snake changes to make its venom stronger.

4) genetic drift - it is a random phenomenon ( that occurs by chance such as fire) that results in change in the gene frequency in a small population.    

-a grassfire randomly sweeps through a population of buffalo and kills most of the animals.

explanation:

"menstrual cycle is a complex cycle that consists of several processes. order of occurrence of steps in menstrual cycle are as follows:

1. high progesterone levels maintain the endometrium lining of the uterus.

2. endometrium lining breaks down and low levels of estrogen stimulate the pituitary to release fsh and lh.

3. fsh and lh stimulates the follicles to develop and the oocyte to produce estrogen.

4. rising estrogen levels suppress fsh production and development of other follicles.

5. a spike in lh causes follicle to rupture.

6. a breakdown of corpus luteum causes progesterone level to drop."

i think it’s c but i might be wrong. if i am let me know! have a good rest of your day as well!

c. heat from the poles back down towards the equator.