One student made the incomplete diagram shown below to represent the relationship between sediment, igneous rocks, and metamorphic rocks:

Which of these is the correct next step to complete the diagram? (4 points)

Put an arrow labeled heat and melt, pointing from igneous rocks to sediment.

Put an arrow labeled deposition and lithification, pointing from metamorphic rock to sediment.

Put an arrow labeled cools and crystallizes, pointing from igneous rocks to sediments.

Put an arrow labeled heat and pressure, pointing from sediment to metamorphic rock.

Put an arrow labeled heat and pressure, pointing from sediment to metamorphic rock.

Explanation:

Metamorphic rocks are produced by the transformation of existing rocks (sediments). This process is known as metamorphism which means "change in form". The process is driven under high temperature and pressure and usually occurs below ground. During metamorphism, deep underlying sediments are under pressure of huge rock material above and interaction with magma causes increase in temperature of the rock material. This leads to the transformation of sediments into igneous rocks.

Option A is not correct because heating and metling would not change igneous rocks to sediments rather this process takes place when igneous rocks are exposed to the surface and, due to the effect of weathering, they are transformed to the sediments (sedimentary rocks later on).

Option B is incorrect because deposition and lithification produces sedimentary rocks through aggregation. Here, metomorphic rock is already a high density rock which should be weathered first and then deposition of weathered material can form sedimentary rocks.

Option C is incorrect because igenous rock is already hardened and high density rock which doesn't need to be further crystalized. Rather cooling and crystalization of magma would produce igneous rocks.

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