Many exergonic reactions fail to happen at a reasonable rate (e. g. conversion of diamonds to charcoal). This is due to the fact that their activation energy may be too high to overcome. Which of the following correctly describes the reason for this?

A. The free energy of the transition state is much lower than the free energy of the reactants.

B. The free energy of the transition state is much higher than the free energy of the reactants.

C. The enzyme that catalyzes the reaction needs time to interact chemically with the substrate(s).

D. The interaction between the enzyme and substrate(s) involve a decrease in entropy, which can’t happen without an input of energy.