Why is it significant that pollen contains a multicellular male gametophyte instead of just male gametes? The non-gamete cells of the male gametophyte provide protection from desiccation and UV radiation. The non-gamete cells of the male gametophyte control the growth and development of the pollen tube. The non-gamete cells of the male gametophyte provide nutrition that supports the development of the embryo. The non-gamete cells of the male gametophyte undergo meiosis.

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the water molecules are transferred from the roots to the stem or top parts of the tall tree because of important properties of water which are adhesion, cohesion and capillary action. cohesion is the property of water molecules keeps water molecules in a combined state by sharing of bonds between them at the atomic level. adhesion allows the interaction of water molecules with other substances or substrate. adhesion will cause the attachment of water molecules to the wall of the vessel (xylem) of the plant. capillary action occurs when the adhesive force to the vessel wall is stronger than the cohesive force between water molecules. capillary action mimics the transfer of water from a tube or pipe. in this way water utilizes its property to transfer water from down to top level of the plant.  

the elements of art are the visual tools that the artist uses to create a composition. these are line, shape, color, value, form, texture, and space.

the principles of art and design are balance, contrast, emphasis, movement, pattern, rhythm, and unity/variety.

on island x the species needed to adapt because they were being subject to predators which didn't inhabit island y.