Which parts of the atp synthase act as rotors during atp synthesis?

Ring and y subunit

Explanation:

ATP synthase is an enzyme that is integrated in the mitochondrial membrane. The ATP synthase utilizes the energy of the protons to synthesize the ATP molecules.

The ATP synthase enzyme is composed of two units: the Fo unit and the F1 unit. The F1 unit is composed of α, B, γ, δ, and ε subunits, forms the rotor and face the cytoplasmic portion whereas the Fo unit is integrated into the membrane and acts as a pump.

When the proton moves through the pump then the rotor utilizes the energy of the proton and the γ subunit moves the rotor or changes the conformation which converts the ADP into ATP.

Thus, Ring and y subunit is correct.

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.