What is the function of a circulatory system It brings a transport liquid into close contact with all cells in the body Why do the circulatory systems of land vertebrates have separate circuits to the lungs and to the rest of the body?

Vertebrates have different blood pressure in lungs than rest of the body.

Explanation:

Circulatory system provide the nutrients to the cells, collect the waste and also involved in transportation of gases. The circulatory system bring the transport liquid into close contact with cells to facilitate transportation. There are different types of circulatory systems present in different organism.

Land vertebrates poses double circulatory system. Pulmonary circuit circulate the blood between heart and lungs and systemic circulatory system circulates the blood between heart and other organs. It is because pulmonary circuits have lower blood pressure ( average 12 mmHg) than systemic circuits (80-100 mmHg). The blood pressure in pulmonary circulation is low but carry equal amount of deoxygenated blood to maintain cardiac output. The lower blood pressure in pulmonary circulation is because of lower vascular resistance to blood flow.

This is because of the reduced blood pressure gradient  of pulmonary circulation  compare to systemic circulation.

Explanation:

The main function of pulmonary circulation is for exchange of gases( O2 ⇄ CO2 ) in the lungs. Therefore it is low pressure high flow circulation, for evenly exchange  of  theses gases.

In addition,  lack of muscles in   the pulmonary artery , which makes them very thin with high resistance compare to system arteries is another pressure reducing factor.

Furthermore,    pulmonary arteries  branched many times in the respiratory tracts to increase the  surface area for perfusion.This  further decreases the pressure gradient.

Gravity, effects of vasodilators, blood viscosity., are other factors which  reduced the pulmonary circulation, therefore pressure gradient to pump blood into the whole body.(systemic circulation.)

Therefore for efficient distribution of  gasses and nutrients for immediate needs of the cells and removal of waste, a higher pressure  circulatory system(systemic Circulation) is needed in Land vertebrates,  who  need a high atmospheric  pressure  oxygen to be delivered to the cells promptly for  their survival.

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