1. List and describe three factors that could possibly affect enzyme activity. 2. Why is it important that cells contain catalase? 3. Write a paragraph discussing the relationship between environmental conditions and enzyme function. 4. High fever can be a very dangerous condition for anyone, as it is an indicator of a serious infection. Suggest a possible explanation for this medical concern based on enzyme activity. 5. Amylase is an enzyme that has the ability to break down starch, a polysaccharide, into smaller disaccharides. In the last project, you saw that two types of amylase function in the human digestive system, salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase. Salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase are released by two accessory organs of the digestive system. In what structures do the enzymes actually chemically digest food? 6. Each enzyme functions in a different area of the body, but both work to harness the power in carbohydrates and break these complex molecules into simple sugars. Based on the information you have learned about the digestive system, what do you expect to be the optimal pH for the enzymatic action of pancreatic amylase?

1. Several factors affect the rate at which enzymatic reactions proceed - temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators.

2. It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). It catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.

3. Enzyme activity can be affected by a variety of factors, such as temperature, pH, and concentration. Enzymes work best within specific temperature and pH ranges, and sub-optimal conditions can cause an enzyme to lose its ability to bind to a substrate. ... Extreme pH values can cause enzymes to denature.

4. Enzymes are biocatalysts and because of their remarkable properties, they are extensively used in medical diagnosis. ... They provide insight into the disease process by diagnosis, prognosis and assessment of response therapy.

5. The small intestine is a major site for chemical digestion and absorption of key food components, such as amino acids, peptides, and glucose for energy. There are lots of enzymes released in the small intestine and from the nearby pancreas for digestion.

6. Purified human pancreatic alpha-amylase (alpha-1,4-glucan 4-glucano-hydrolase, EC 3.2. 1.1) was found to be stable over a wide range of pH values (5.0 to 10.5) with an optimal pH for the enzymatic activity of 7.0.

Explanation:

1. Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

Knowledge of basic enzyme kinetic theory is important in enzyme analysis in order both to understand the basic enzymatic mechanism and to select a method for enzyme analysis. The conditions selected to measure the activity of an enzyme would not be the same as those selected to measure the concentration of its substrate. Several factors affect the rate at which enzymatic reactions proceed - temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators.

2. Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals). It catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS).

4. for clinical applications. Enzymes are the preferred markers in various disease states such as myocardial infarction, jaundice, pancreatitis, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. They provide insight into the disease process by diagnosis, prognosis and assessment of response therapy.

5. Amylase. Amylase is a digestive enzyme that acts on starch in food, breaking it down into smaller carbohydrate molecules. ... First, salivary glands in your mouth make salivary amylase, which begins the digestive process by breaking down starch when you chew your food, converting it into maltose, a smaller carbohydrate.

6. Purified human pancreatic alpha-amylase (alpha-1,4-glucan 4-glucano-hydrolase, EC 3.2. 1.1) was found to be stable over a wide range of pH values (5.0 to 10.5) with an optimal pH for the enzymatic activity of 7.0.