Match the following terms and definitions.

1. short-term hormonal influences on animal behavior usually occurring late in life
habituation
2. a technique that associates a natural response to a stimulus to an unrelated stimulus; also called Pavlovian conditioning
classical conditioning
3. the study of animal behavior in its natural environment
activational effects
4. when an animal learns not to respond to a stimulus
insightful learning
5. finding a solution to a once unsolvable problem
ethology
6. learning that has taken place but is dormant until a situation requires it
latent learning

1. Short-term hormonal influences on animal behavior usually occurring late in life  - activational effects

2. A technique that associates a natural response to a stimulus to an unrelated stimulus; also called Pavlovian conditioning  -- classical conditioning

3. The study of animal behavior in its natural environment  - ethology

4. When an animal learns not to respond to a stimulus  - habituation

5. Finding a solution to a once unsolvable problem  - insightful learning

6. Learning that has taken place but is dormant until a situation requires it  - latent learning

Explanation:

Activational effects are the sudden or immediate temporary transient effects of behavioral changes due to the influence of hormones, especially the gonodal or the sex hormones. The behavior change in male animals due to increase in male sex hormonal activity can be referred as activational effect.

Classical conditioning facilitates learning of a behavior when a conditioned stimulus is associated with an unconditioned stimulus leading to a conditioned response. Animal training by pairing a new unconditioned stimulus with an already known conditioned stimulus, a new conditioned response of behavior change can be observed.

Ethology refers to the scientific zoological study (includes both laboratory as well as natural field studies) of animals behavior with relation to their natural environment. It studies and compares about animal behavioral processes changes under various disciplines like ecology, anatomy, evolution etc.

Habituation is an associative learning process that results when an animal learns to resist a stimulus and not to respond to it after repeated exposure.  

Insightful learning occurs when various parts of a problem is analyzed and their relationship is understood to arrive at the solution suddenly. Animals must look at a situation as a whole, observe and analyze it to solve the problem. Some animals like chimpanzees can learn through insightful learning

Latent learning occurs without any associated reinforcements. Animals learn new behavior through latent learning.

question#1

ans:

cell is the basic unit of organization of all living things. cells are often called the building block of life and it is the smallest unit of life. the study of cell is called cell biology. cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within membrane, which contain bio-molecules such as proteins and nucleic acid.

two third of cell is water, which means that two-third of your whole body is water. the rest is the mixture of molecules, mainly proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.

question#2

ans:

organ:

an organ is a group of tissues specialized to form a functional unit. an example is the heart in animals.

organ system:

an organ system is a group of several organs whose functions are synchronized to release an effective action in a living organism. an example is digestive system.

question#3

different systems perform different function at tissue level. for example, the respiratory system facilitates breathing. in the alveoli tissue of the lungs, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules between the air and the bloodstream occurs by passive transport, so that oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide and water are removed. different systems of the body carry out different functions. for example, your digestive system is responsible for taking in and processing food, while your respiratory system working with your circulatory system is responsible for taking up oxygen and getting rid of carbon dioxide.

question#4

different systems perform different function at tissue level. for example, the respiratory system facilitates breathing. in the alveoli tissue of the lungs, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules between the air and the bloodstream occurs by passive transport, so that oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide and water are removed. different systems of the body carry out different functions. for example, your digestive system is responsible for taking in and processing food, while your respiratory system—working with your circulatory system is responsible for taking up oxygen and getting rid of carbon dioxide.

question#5

our body works because of the interactions that happen between organs and organ systems.  

for example:  

the heart to regulate blood flow throughout the body. the blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells and carries carbon dioxide and waste away from the cells. body systems work together in maintaining a constant internal environment. when this balance is disrupted, the body systems may not function properly, and human health can suffer.   you start to feel bad.