What accounts for the diversity of cell types and functions in humans relative to simpler animals, despite not having significantly more genes than simpler animals?

Completed Ques.

A. Many human genes can encode multiple proteins.

B. Complexity arises from differential gene expression.

C. Humans gain more genes through horizontal gene transfer.

D. Complexity arises from different combinations of proteins.

A,B,D

Explanation:

A. Many human genes can encode multiple proteins.

The characteristic  of DNA and RNA tipple codes  to code for a particular  protein, and for  each of these bases to re-arranged to form a different  triplet code , to translate  for another protein, makes multiple proteins to be coded for by many genes. (generally the 4 bases(A,TC,G, U) can combine  in 64 times to form triplet codes with each coding for a  specific protein)This   makes varieties of proteins to be synthesized, for different cellular reactions e,g need  for  hormones, enzymes,and  for different biochemical  reactions for efficient  functioning  of the body. A characteristic lacking in simple animals.

B. Complexity arises from differential gene expression.

The complexity of gene expression is due to the fact that the processes of transcription and translation  at the onset of gene expression are separated and occurs, after the completion of one  another. Each of this stage requires separate enzymes, conditions, processes before they can take place, and different cell organelles to coordinate.Besides the ability of each cells to regulate  different levels of gene expression -Epigenetic regulation is additional complexity of the gene expression.

D. Complexity arises from different combinations of proteins.

The ability to produces different combinations of proteins with different   physiological and anatomical functions,  explains the complexity and diversification in eukaryotes compare to simple animals.

d. groundwater flows through the subsoil and deposits minerals.

what is the statement?