In scientific publication, a cited DNA base sequence is conventionally the strand in transcription, as the sequence of this strand will match that of the resulting RNA transcript (save for U bases substituting T bases).

Over the past 60 years, many amphibian species have experienced significant population declines and some species have become extinct. scientists suspected that local human activities such as the destruction of wetlands, regional pollution, and deforestation were the main reasons for these losses. however, research over the past 20 years reveals significant amphibian population declines in protected areas of the world, such as nature preserves and parks. these global declines suggest widespread problems including increased ultraviolet radiation, acid rain, and disease. in switzerland, for example, 14 of the 20 native amphibian species are threatened with extinction. chytridiomycosis is a fungal disease first identified in 1998 as a cause of massive amphibian deaths. in some severely impacted populations, a few individuals have survived, perhaps because of some natural resistance. if these resistant individuals continue to survive and prosper, new resistant populations might emerge. this would be an example of the founder effect artificial selection genetic drift natural selection sexual selection

1. environmental factors, such as ph and temperature, can affect the function of an enzyme. a. true b. false 2. which of the following is an organic molecules (ex. vitamins) that an enzyme? a. coenzyme b. product c. active site d. substrate 3. how do enzymes effect the speed of a chemical reaction? a. they speed it up b. they slow it down c. they have no effect on the speed of a reaction 4. during a chemical reaction, an enzyme is used up so that it can only be used one time. a. true b. false 5. which of the following results from a chemical reaction that is catalyzed by an enzymes? a. active site b. product c. substrate d. coenzyme

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