Diffusion of ions across membranes through specific ion channels is driven by . Group of answer choices ion concentration gradients only ion electrochemical gradients active transport pumps electrical gradients only

The correct choice is ''ion electrochemical gradients''.

Diffusion of ions across membranes through specific ion channels is driven by ion electrochemical gradients.  

Explanation:

An electrochemical gradient can be considered as that electrical (electrostatic pressure) and chemical (diffusion) force that determine the movement of molecules and ions across the membrane. This electrochemical gradient, in addition to causing movement of substances through cell membranes, is also a type of potential energy available for the performance of different cellular activities, potential energy called membrane potential.

answer:

sequence 1- deletion

                  2- duplication

                  3- insertion

                  4- substitute

                  5- inversion