"Consider the following cross: Gl/gL x gl/gl Which combination(s) of alleles does the parent with the Gl/gL genotype contribute to the offspring?"

Gl, gL, GL and gl

Explanation:

The heterozygous parent has the genotype Gl/gL. Since this is a diploid individual, it has two copies of each autosomal chromosome. The slash "/" represents a separation between the two homologous chromosomes, Gl are the alleles of genes "G" and "L" present in one chromosome, and gL are the alleles of those genes present in the other chromosome.

During meiosis the total chromosome number of the original diploid cell is reduced by half, creating four haploid gametes. In a specific stage of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair and crossing over occurs, when recombination happens and one of the alleles present in one chromosome "switches" to the other chromosome, increasing genetic variation.

Therefore, the Gl/gL individual can produce four different types of gametes:

Gl and gL (Parental --> no crossing over occurred)

GL and gl (Recombinant --> crossing over occurred)

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interphase

the period of cell growth when the cell synthesizes new molecules and organelles. the cell is not dividing and it constitutes the majority of the time spent in the cell cycle

prophase

changes occur in the nucleus and cytoplasm. the chromatin condenses to form structures (sister chromatids) visible with a light microscope and the mitotic spindle begins to form, but the nucleus is still in tact

prometaphase

the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the sister chromatids

metaphase

all the cell's duplicated chromosomes are lined up at an imaginary plane equidistant between the poles of the mitotic spindle

anaphase

begins when sister chromatids separate from each other and ending when a complete set of daughter chromosomes arrives at each of the two poles of the cell

telophase

the daughter nuclei form at the two poles of a cell

cytokinesis

the division of a cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells. usually occurs during telophase during mitosis. this and mitosis make up to mitotic (m) phase of the cell cycle